Ancient Egyptian Bastet
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Ancient Egyptian Bastet Questions
How do you know how to pronounce ancient Egyptian words when the vowels were never written in their text.?
like Bastet is really pronounced "bast" (with 'a' sound like in ball).
I have heard a theory that the second 't' was added some time long after the use of the name because some people, I think the greeks that came later, thought it was silent like with some words, so the extra 't' was added to emphasised its pronounciation.
This may have led people in the very late future to assume their must have been a vowel sound between the two 't's
They deduced what the vowels must have been by comparing hieroglyphics to later versions of the language, including Hieratic, Coptic, or even Greek. This is not exact, however, because pronunciation can change with time, but it's our best bet.
In other cases, the vowels were simply "assigned" (i.e. "invented").
Come to think of it, in modern Arabic, the vowels associated with a word often change depending on case, so even if you figured out the vowels that went along with the nominative form of a particular hieroglyph, that doesn't necessarily mean that the same pronunciation would apply to its accusative form, as well.
Incidentally, that second "t" at the end of "Bastet" reminds me a bit of the Arabic "ta'marbuta," a letter added to the end of words to indicate that it is feminine, that is sometimes pronounced as an "a" or "ah" or "eh" and sometimes as a " t " (especially when followed by a word beginning with a vowel sound). I don't suppose there's any correspondance between this modern Arabic letter and the ancient Egyptian ending of Bastet, but it might be worth looking into.
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The history of the relationship between cats and man dates back to over 9,500 years. Cats have become part of the history of many nations and civilizations as well as being a popular subject of legends.
The reason for the interaction of cats with humans has not been concluded but a gravesite discovered in 1983 is Cyprus dating to 7500 BC contains the remains of a human and a young cat. The cat is believed to be domesticated since cats are not native to Cyprus. But the earliest proven records of attempts to domesticate cats date back to 4000 BC in Ancient Egypt where they were used to keep vermin away from grain stores to prevent food poisoning. It is important to note that Ancient Egyptians considered cats to be sacred in the context of having the goddess Bast embodied as a cat.
Aside from the Egyptians, Vikings also used cats are vermin catchers and companions. Cats were also regarded as sacred animals due to the strong association of the goddess of love, fertility and war with them.
By the middle ages, cats were then thought to be a witch's familiar similar to the cat in Macbeth's famous opening scene. During festivities, cats were either burnt alive or thrown off tall buildings.
A medieval King of Wales then passed a rule that made it illegal to cause harm to a cat when other cultures considered them evil. The mass killing of cats in the middle ages was actually cited to be one of the reasons for the spread of the bubonic plague due to the increased population of rats since the cats that hunted them significantly decreased in population.
By 1607, European folklore tells that a cat will suffocate an infant by sucking the breath out of the infant. There was a widespread acceptance of the tale explaining that the cat is jealous of the attention the infant gets or that the smell of milk from the infant's mouth lures the cat in. However, studies have shown that unless a cat is raised on milk, it will actually prefer water.
The Japanese Maneki Neko, known in English as the cat of good fortune is actually from a legend. It tells that a cat waved at a Japanese landlord that was intrigued and then went towards it. Lightning then struck where the man had previously been standing which made the landlord attribute his good fortune to the cat's action. The figure is commonly seen in businesses to draw money in.
In more modern times, there are still beliefs that black cats can bring bad luck while some believe it brings good luck. But the most common withstanding lore is that a cat has nine lives due to its righting ability even after falling from a great height that would otherwise kill any other animal.
Whatever belief withstands, cats have become part of human life and will no doubt continue to be part of it.
the author is an editor at Niche Article Directory and recommends this site for more articles Article Directory [http://www.niche-articledirectory.com/]
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Ancient Egyptian Bastet